The Loss of Individuality in War: Existentialist Approach

Authors

  • Emil ORDUKHANYAN Institute of Philosophy, Sociology and Law of NAS RA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6610-8220
  • Hrachya SARIBEKYAN Institute of Philosophy, Sociology and Law of NAS RA
  • Hayk SUKIASYAN Institute of Philosophy, Sociology and Law of NAS RA, Khachatur Abovyan Armenian State Pedagogical University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2155-0154

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v28i4.1035

Keywords:

individuality, existentialism, war, dehumanization, social equalization, a spirit of abstraction, anthropocentrism

Abstract

The article explores the issue of loss of individuality in the war according to theoretical perceptions of existentialist philosophers. The problem is observed and discussed focusing mainly on the cases of two world wars emerged in 20th century. It is obvious that these wars had a huge global impact not only on the social and political life worldwide, but also on the philosophical perceptions of human life valorization and his existence.

Based on the comparative analysis of philosophical views of different thinkers the article reveals the loss of human individuality both in social conditions and on the ontological level.  

It is concluded that if the philosophy of World War I observed death as a unifying factor, including an equalization that excludes the individual, then existentialism, as a condition of the reality of widespread death, considers it as a phenomenon that opens the spiritual eye of a person to the reality of death. As the development of technology and wars are closely related, world wars represent a direct threat by primitive nations that assimilate and use technology to absorb nations endowed with peace-loving and creative spirit. This is a big threat to humanity in terms of its dehumanization and destruction.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bergson, H. (1914). LíAllemagneet son mecanisme: Seance publiqueannuelle de líAcademie des Sciences morales et politiques (Germany and its mechanism: Annual public session of the academy of moral and political sciences, in French). Retrieved June 10, 2023, from http://14-18.institut-de-france.fr/1914-discours-henri-bergson.php

Camus, A. (1947). La peste (The plague, in French). Paris: Gallimard.

Faye, E. (2021). Khaydeger: Vvedeniyenacizma v filosofiyu(Heidegger: The introduction of nazism into philosophy, in Russian). Moscow: DeloPubllishing House.

Fromm, E. (1973). Anatomie der menschlichenDestruktivitat (The anatomy of human destructiveness, in German). Retrieved May 12, 2023, from http://www.irwish.de/PDF/Psychologie/Fromm/Fromm-Anatomie_der_menschlichen_Destruktivitaet.pdf

Fromm, E. (2001). The sane society. London and New York: Routledge.

Hermans, W. (2018). Vospominaniyaangela-khranitelya (Memories of a gardian angel, in Russian). Saint Petersbourg: Gelikon Plus.

Ionesco, E. (1976). Rhinoceros.Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt School.

Jaspers, K. (2017). VomUrsprung und Ziel der Geschichte (The origin and goal of history, in German). Basel: Schwabe. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24894/978-3-7965-4059-2

Kossak, J. (1980). Ekzistencializm v filosofii I literature (Existentialism in philosophy and literature, in Russian). Moscow: Publication of Political Literature.

Ludendorff, E. (1919). Meine kriegserinnerungen, 1914-1918 (My war memories, 1914-1918, in German). Berlin: Ernst Siegfried Mittler&Sohn.

Luft, S. (2007). Germanyís metaphysical war. Reflections on war by two representatives of German philosophy: Max Scheler and Paul Natorp. Philosophy Faculty Research and Publications. Retrieved June 4, 2023, from https://epublications.marquette.edu/phil_fac/37

Lunkov, A. (2019). Vengerskaya filosofiya voyni v 1914-1917: Voyna I otvetstvenností v refleksiiintelektualov 1918-1938 (Hungarian philosophy of war in 1914-1917; War and responsibility in the reflection of intellectuals 1918-1938, in Russian). Moscow-Yekaritinbourg: KabinetnyUcheni.

Malraux, A., (1928). Les Conquerants (The conquerors, in French). Paris: Grasset.

Malraux, A., (1930). La Voieroyale (The royal way, in French). Paris: Grasset.

Malraux, A., (1937). LíEspoir (The hope, in French). Paris: Gallimard.

Marcel, G. (2007). Prisustviye I bessmertiye (Presence and immortality, in Russian). Moscow: Institute of Philosophy of RAS.

Marcel, G. (2018). Lyudiprotivchelovechestva (People vs humanity, in Russian). Moscow-Saint Petersbourg: Center of Humanitarian Initiatives.

Marinetti, Ph. (1986). Pervij manifest futurizma (First manifest of futurism, in Russian). In L. Andreeva (Ed.), Nazivatí veshi svoimi imenami (To call things by their proper names, in Russian). Moscow: Progress.

Mauthner, F. (1914). Die Philosophie und der Krieg (Philosophy and war, in German). Berlin: Berliner Tageblatt.

Mounier, E. (1948). Existentialist philosophies: An introduction. London: Rockliff.

Orwell, G. (2004). Animal farm. New York: Signet Classics.

Rickert, H. (1920). Die Philosophie des Lebens: Darstellung und Kritik der philosophischen Mod-estromungen unserer Zeit (The philosophy of life: Representation and criticism of the philosophical trends of our time, in German). Tubingen: Mohr Siebeck.

Safranski, R. (2005). Khaydegger.germanski master I yegovremya (Heidegger. German master and his time, in Russian). Moscow: MolodayaGvardiya.

Sartre, J.-P. (1996). Líexistentialisme est un humanisme (Existentialism is a humanism, in French). Paris: Folio essais - Gallimard.

Sartre, J.-P.(2002). Dnevniki voyni (War diaries, in Russian). Saint Petersbourg: Vladimir Dal.

Scheler, M. (1917). Zur Metaphysik des Krieges (On the metaphysics of war, in German). Leipzig: Verlag der Weissen Buecher.

Scheler, M. (1968). Philosophische Weltanschauung (Philosophical worldview, in German). Munchen: Francke Verlag Bern und Munchen.

Staelde., G. (1856). De l`Allemagne (On Germany, in French). Paris: Librairie De Firmin DidotFreres.

Zanfi, C. (2020). Bergson i nemetskaya filosofiya 1907-1932 (Bergson and German philosophy, in Russian). Moscow-Saint Petersbourg: Center of Humanitarian Initiatives.

Downloads

Published

2023-12-25

How to Cite

ORDUKHANYAN, E., SARIBEKYAN, H., & SUKIASYAN, H. (2023). The Loss of Individuality in War: Existentialist Approach. WISDOM, 28(4), 15–25. https://doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v28i4.1035

Issue

Section

Social Philosophy